ဓါတ္ပုံျပင္ျခင္း Levels

Levels

Every image has a mix of shadows, highlights, and midtones. Shadows are the darkest parts of the image, highlights are the brightest parts, and midtones are everything in between. When you adjust levels, you're adjusting these different tones. And while you could use the brightness and contrast tools for a similar type of adjustment, they're much less powerful than levels.
There are many different reasons to use a levels adjustment. For instance, if you have a particularly dark—or underexposed—image, you might want to make the midtones and highlights brighter while keeping the shadows relatively dark. You can see an example of this in the images below:

If you've never adjusted levels before, this tool may feel a little unintuitive at first. At this stage, the most important thing is to practice making different adjustments. As you start to gain more experience, you'll be able to use it more effectively. And remember, if an adjustment doesn't look right, you can always undo your changes and start over.

To adjust levels:

1. In the Layers panel, add a Levels adjustment layer.
   
2. Locate the graph in the middle of the Properties panel. This is called a histogram, and it shows information about the shadows, highlights, and midtones of the image. In this example, you can see that there's a big gap on the right side with no information, which means the image is underexposed. We can use a levels adjustment to fix this.
   
3. Notice the Input Levels sliders just below the histogram—these are the controls you'll use the adjust the levels. Do not use the Output Levels sliders near the bottom of the panel.
   
4. Because our image is too dark (underexposed), we'll click and drag the white slider to the left. Notice how we're dragging the slider to the right-most edge of the histogram. Be careful not to drag the slider past this point, or you will begin to lose detail in your image. This is commonly referred to as clipping.
   
   
5. If the shadows in the image are too bright, you can click and drag the black slider to the right. In this example, we don't need to adjust this because the slider is already at the left-most edge of the histogram.
   
   
6. Optional: If the image still looks too dark or too bright, you can click and drag the middle (gray) slider to adjust the midtones. In this example, we'll move the slider to the left to make the image brighter.
   
   
7. Optional: Try turning the adjustment layer off and on to compare the new levels adjustments with the original image. This will allow you to see exactly what the adjustment layer is doing. If desired, you can then make further adjustments to the levels.
   
   

Open the dove_fullsize.jpg example file and add a Levels adjustment layer. Click and drag each of the Input Levels sliders in the Properties panel to see the effect. Try to find the settings that look best for this image.

Check out our extra on Reading a Histogram to learn more about what the histogram can tell you about an image.

ဓါတ္ပုံျပင္ျခင္း Levels, Curves and Color-1

Introduction

Video: Levels, Curves, and Color

Images that come straight from a digital camera aren't always perfect. As you start to gain more experience with Photoshop, you may notice some recurring problems with images that you'll want to fix. For example, some images may be too bright, while others may be too dull. There are many different corrections that can make your images look dramatically better. Some of the corrections we'll cover in this lesson include:

• Levels and curves: If you want to modify the tonal range of your image—for example, by making the shadows or highlights brighter or darker—you can adjust the levels or curves.
• Saturation: If the colors in an image are muted or dull, you can increase the saturation. You can also reduce the saturation to make the colors more subdued.
• Auto-adjustment tools: If you're not exactly sure what kind of corrections to make, Photoshop comes with several automatic adjustment tools that can improve your images.

If you're new to image editing, you may want to review our lesson on Fixing Common Problems from our Image Editing 101 tutorial to learn more about the fundamentals of making these changes.

If you'd like to follow along, you can download some or all of our example images. Just click any of the images below to open a full-sized version. Then right-click the full-sized version and select Save Image As to save it to your computer.

Using adjustment layers

We'll be using adjustment layers throughout this lesson to correct images. As we discussed in the previous lesson, adjustment layers are a type of nondestructive editing because they don't actually change anything about the original image. And because you can continue to tweak adjustment layers as you work, it's easy to try out different effects and get the image to look exactly the way you want.

ဓါတ္ပုံ Layers မ်ား ျပဳျပင္ျခင္း-၄

Editing layers

The true advantage of layers is that you can edit or adjust each layer individually without affecting the rest of the document. As we mentioned earlier, there are several types of layers you can use, along with many editing tools. However, before you get started, note that not all editing tools will work with all types of layers. This will become easier to understand as you gain more experience with Photoshop.

Using editing tools

You can use tools from the Tools panel and the Filter menu to edit layers. For example, you could use the Move tool to move different layers around in your document. In the image below, we're using it to move the Rings layer toward the bottom of the image:

Selecting layers before editing

For many types of edits, the desired layer must be selected before editing; otherwise, you may edit the wrong layer by mistake. For example, if you use the Eraser tool, it will only affect the layer you have selected. You should get into the habit of checking the Layers panel frequently to make sure you have the correct layer selected.

Editing text layers

If you want to edit a text layer, you'll need to double-click the layer icon in the Layers panel. You can then change the text, choose a different font, or modify the text size and color.

• In the example file, select the Rings layer, then use the Move tool to move the layer around the document.
• Double-click the layer icon for the Text layer, then try editing the text. For example, you could change the date from June 21 to June 15.

While we've covered some fundamental information about layers, it's important to realize that there are many different ways to use layers in Photoshop. We'll talk much more about using layers throughout this tutorial, so you'll be able to build on the skills you've learned in this lesson.

ဓါတ္ပုံ Layer မ်ား၏လုပ္ငန္း-၃

Working with layers

There are many different ways to work with the layers in your document. For example, you can show and hide different layers, change the stacking order, and more.

Showing and hiding layers

To hide a layer, simply click the eye icon next to the desired layer. Click it again to show the layer. In the image below, you can see that we've turned off the Text layer, so the text is no longer visible in the document window:

Reordering layers

The order in which layers are stacked will determine how the document looks. There may be times when you need to change the stacking order. To reorder a layer, simply click and drag the layer to the desired position in the Layers panel. In the image below, you can see that we've moved the Cake layer to the very top, which completely covers up the layers below it:

If you want to reorder the Background layer of the image, you will need to right-click it and then select Layer from Background. This will convert the background to a regular layer, which can be reordered.

Try reordering the layers to see the effect. Notice how moving the Cake layer to the very top will completely cover up the other layers, but moving the Text or Rings layer to the top does not.

Letting layers show through

In the example above, moving the Cake layer to the top completely covers up the layers below it. By contrast, moving the Text or Rings layer to the top would still allow parts of the layers below to show through. This is because these layers contain transparent areas, whereas the Cake layer does not.
What if we wanted the layers below the Cake layer to show through? There are many ways to do this, such as changing the opacity of the layer or adding a layer mask. We'll talk more about these options in our lesson on Doing More with Layers.

ဓါတ္ပုံ Layer အေျခခံ-၂

Layer basics

Now you're ready to start working with layers in Photoshop. You can view, create, and edit layers with the Layers panel. This will usually be found in the lower-right corner of the screen, although you can always go to WindowLayers to make sure it's turned on.

To create an adjustment layer:

If you've never used layers before, we recommend trying adjustment layers first. Remember, an adjustment layer does not contain content—it simply allows you to apply adjustments to the layers below it.

1. In the Layers panel, select the layer below where you want the adjustment layer to appear. In our example, we'll select the Cake layer.
   
2. Click the Adjustment button at the bottom of the Layers panel, then choose the desired adjustment.
   
   
3. The adjustment layer will appear, and you can then customize the adjustment in the Properties panel. Any changes you make will affect every layer below the adjustment layer. We'll talk more about using the Properties panel for different adjustments throughout this tutorial.
   

Alternatively, you can use the buttons in the Adjustments panel to create an adjustment layer.

In the example file, select the Cake layer, then create a Hue/Saturation adjustment layer. Try using the sliders in the Properties pane to see the effect.

To create a blank layer:

There may be times when you'll want to create a new blank layer. For example, if you want to draw on an image with the Brush tool, you could create a new layer and then draw on that layer.
To create a new layer, click the New Layer button near the lower-right corner of the Layers panel. The new layer will appear in the Layers panel.

To duplicate a layer:

There will also be times when you'll want to duplicate an existing layer. This is an easy way to try out different edits without altering the original layer.

1. Right-click the layer, then select Duplicate Layer.
   
2. A dialog box will appear. Click OK. The duplicate layer will appear.
   

To delete a layer:

If you find that you no longer need a layer, you can delete it. To do this, simply select the layer and then press the Delete key on your keyboard. Alternatively, you can click and drag the layer to the Trash Can in the lower-right corner of the Layers panel.

ဓါတ္ပုံ Layer မ်ားအေၾကာင္း

Introduction

Video: Understanding Layers

Have you ever wondered how people achieve such great results with Photoshop? While there are many different image editing techniques, there's one tool Photoshop professionals use with almost every project: layers. Learning how to use layers is probably the most important thing you can do to become better at Photoshop. In this lesson, we'll talk about how layers work, the different types of layers, and the basics of creating and using layers.

If you'd like to follow along with the lesson, you can download our example file. We're planning to send this file as an email attachment and post it on the Web.

What are layers?

You can think of layers as transparent panes of glass stacked on top of one another, which allow different parts of each layer to show through. There are many types of layers you'll use in Photoshop, and they fall into two main categories:

• Content layers: These layers contain different types of content, such as photographs, text, and shapes.
• Adjustment layers: These layers allow you to apply adjustments to the layers below them, such as saturation or brightness. Adjustment layers are a type of nondestructive editing because they don't actually change anything about the original image.

When using layers, it may be helpful to turn individual layers on and off to see how they affect the image. You can do this by clicking the eye icon next to each layer name.

Click the eye icons in the interactive below to practice turning different layers on and off. Notice how hiding content layers like the Background layer has a more noticeable effect than hiding adjustment layers like the Adjust Levels layer.

Why use layers?

At this point, you may be wondering why you even need to use layers. Wouldn't it just be easier to work with everything in your image at once? The truth is, layers give you an amazing amount of flexibility and control because you can edit each layer independently from the rest of the image. Once you become comfortable with layers, you'll use them all the time.

ဓါတ္ပုံအား အင္တာနက္စာမ်ားအတြက္သိမ္းျခင္း

Using Save for Web

When you use the Save for Web feature, you'll need to make a few decisions about the image you're saving:

• File format: Save for Web allows you to choose from a few Web-safe file formats. Most of the time, you'll use the JPEG format for photographs. PNG-24 will keep the full quality of the image, whereas PNG-8 is mainly used for graphics and illustrations that use just a few colors. Generally, you won't need to use the GIF or WBMP formats.
  
  
• Image size: If desired, you can resize the image directly from the Save for Web dialog box. Resizing the image to be smaller will also reduce the file size. However, if you're using a service like Facebook or Tumblr, you probably won't need to resize your images because these services resize them automatically.
  
  
• Quality: If you're using the JPEG format, the image can be saved at different quality levels. You may want to experiment with different settings to find the best balance between quality and file size.
  

Drag the slider in the interactive below to adjust the jpeg compression quality. Remember, higher quality levels will also increase the file size. Try to find a setting that looks good while keeping the file size relatively small.

To save for the Web:

1. Select FileSave for Web.
   
2. The Save for Web dialog box will appear. Select the desired file type and quality level.
   
3. If needed, resize the image by typing the desired dimensions under Image Size. When you enter the new image width, the height should be adjusted automatically to maintain the original aspect ratio.
4. If desired, you can use the 2-Up view to compare the original image with a preview of the new version. This is an easy way to make sure you haven't lost too much quality from the original version. Note the file size in the bottom-left corner of each preview window.
   
   
5. Click Save. A new dialog box will appear. Type the desired file name and choose a location for the file, then click Save. You'll want to use a new file name to avoid accidentally overwriting the original file.
   

Open the example file in Photoshop and use Save for Web to save a new version of the image. Try out different file formats and quality settings to see how they affect the image's quality and file size.